Molecular Basis of Neonatal Diabetes in an infant of Diabetic Mother

• Mahmood Shaikh,*  
• Dr Humera Ayesha,  
• Syed Abbas Mujtaba

Abstract

Since last decade, there were many changes and advancements with latest trends were taken place in the field of Molecular Biology. It is a very good assert to understand any genetic disorder with highly influenced Molecular Biology.The Molecular Basis of Neonatal Diabetes in an infant of Diabetic Mother is a onset of diabetes. The diabetes presenting before 6 months of age is unlikely to be autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The majority of such patients will have a monogenic disorder responsible for the disease. The affected patients show identification of a mutation in either of the two genes encoding the ATP sensitive potassium channel allows switching from insulin injections to oral sulphonylureas. The genetic counselling within the affected families predicts clinical prognosis. The monogenic diabetes seems not to be limited to the first 6 months but extends to the second half of the first year of life, when type 1 diabetes is the more common cause of diabetes. Neonatal diabetes is defined as an uncontrolled hyperglycaemic state occurring within the first 6 months of life. It is a rare disease with an incidence of 1 to 1,00000–3,00000. It is usually a disease of genetic origin in which insulin gene mutations play the main role in the disease process. A baby, born to a mother who had previously been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at 14 months of age, had a high blood sugar level within the first few hours after birth and was subsequently diagnosed as having neonatal diabetes mellitus. Baby and mother were identified as having a novel heterozygous insulin missense mutation, p.C109R. Difficulties occurred in both follow-up and feeding of the baby. Insulin gene mutations are one of the factors in the development of neonatal diabetes mellitus, the baby concerned should be followed-up carefully for the Diabetes .

Keywords

Diabetic Mother, Insulin, Mutation, Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus