Serum Pentosidine – A Surrogate Marker of Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: SABIHA NAZ, TRIPTI SAXENA, PAWAN KUMAR KARE, SIMMI DUBE

DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcbr.12870.1971565007

Keywords: Key words: Pentosidine, vascular complications, surrogate marker.

Abstract: Introduction: As a result of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, glucose reacts with proteins non-enzymatically to produce Advanced Glycation End products (AGES) such as Pentosidine (PEN). These AGEs play a significant role in causing life threatening microvascular (diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy) and macrovascular complications in T2DM patients as stated by previous studies earlier. The present study is designed to evaluate the association of PEN with the development of vascular complications and how it can be useful as a surrogate marker for diagnosing these complications in T2DM patients. Methodology: This case-control study was conducted between July 2024 to March 2025. 246 T2DM cases (123 without & 123 with vascular complications) who attended the out- patient department (OPD) of Medicine were recruited and matched with 246 healthy, age and gender-matched controls. Baseline parameters (age, gender, duration of disease and BMI) were recorded and serum levels of PEN, Glycated Hemoglobin, FSG and PPSG were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version V30 and level of significance i.e p value <0.001 was considered as highly significant. Results: Highly significant (p<0.001) differences were found in mean levels of PEN (299.97± 25.86 ng/ml),HbA1C (10.75± 0.56 %), FSG (132.31± 13.54 mg/dl) & PPSG (159.52± 14.60 mg/dl) in cases with complications when compared to cases without complications and controls. Pearson’s correlation depicted highly significant (p<0.001) positive correlation of PEN with T2DM duration and HbA1C levels in both the T2DM cases. Linear regression analysis showed the significant (p<0.05) positive association of PEN levels with T2DM duration and Logistic regression analysis showed that PEN levels positively significantly (p<0.05) related to the vascular complications in T2DM cases. Conclusion: In the present study, Pentosidine levels were found significantly positively associated with the development of vascular complications and T2DM duration. This strongly suggested the utility of Pentosidine as a surrogate marker of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients.