- Visibility 523 Views
- Downloads 474 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijcbr.v.12.i.2.10
-
CrossMark
Effect of ethanol leaf extract of pawpaw (carica papaya) on carbon tetrachloride induced-oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in wistar rats
- Author Details:
-
Emmanuel Oluwafemi Ibukun *
-
Olusegun Emmanuel Oluwadare
-
Esther Udo Umoh
Olusegun Emmanuel Oluwadare
Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a potent hepatotoxin that causes oxidative stress and liver damage. Carica papaya has been traditionally used in traditional medicine for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, suggesting potential benefits in mitigating CCl4-induce liver damage. This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Carica papaya against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty five wistar rats weighing 140 ± 20g were divided into five groups (n=5): normal control, CCl4 control(positive), low-dose treatment (200mg/kg), high-dose treatment (400mg/kg) and Silymarin(140 mg/kg). The rats were induced twice a week with CCl4 and treatment followed immediately after induction per their body weight for 28 days. Biochemical analysis such as Haematological Assays, Hepatic Function Assays, Kidney Function Endogenous, Antioxidant Status and Histopathology were evaluated and also phytochemical property such as Phenols, tannins, alkaloids, arthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and saponins were determined.
Result: The results showed that the extract significantly reduced liver enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes induced by CCl4.The Hepatotoxicity effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) and ECPon the activity of wistar rat liver showed that thetreatment with ECP produced a reductionin hepatic enzyme markers (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP) that were high as a result of the induction process by CCL4, this suggest that the phytochemicals in the plant extract have ameliorative potential when compared with the positive control group as shown in table 4.4 For renal enzymatic markers (Blood Urea Nitrogen and The Rate of Creatine, The results showed that the extract significantly reduced liver enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes induced by CCl4.
Conclusion: This study revealed the activities of various marker enzymes and levels of metabolites/compounds in the blood taken after the 28 days from the experimental animals in both the control and extract- treated groups, and were used as indicators for renal and hepatic status.This study demonstrates the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of ethanol leaf extract of Carica papaya against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in wistar rats.
References
- Yap JY, Hii CL, Ong SP, Lim KH, Abas F, Pin KY. Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves. J Sci Food Agric. 2020;100(7):2932–7.
- Nandini C, Subbbarao VM, Bovilla VR, Mohammad AK, Manjula NS, Jayashree K. Platelet enhancement by carica papaya, leaf rfractions in cyclophosphamide induced thrombocytopenic is due to elevated expression of CD110 receptor on megakaryocytes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;275:114074
- Husin F, Yaakob H, Rashid SNA, Shahar S, Soib HH. Cytotoxicity study and antioxidant activity of crudeextracts and SPE fractions from Carica papaya leaves. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2019;19:101130.
- Mantok C. Multiple usages of green papaya in healing at taogarden, Tao Garden Health spa & Resort, Thailand. 2015
- Ugo NJ, Ade AR, Joy AT. Nutrient composition of Carica papaya leaves extracts. J Food Sci Nutr Res. 2019;2(3):274–82.
- Ahmad N, Fazal H, Ayaz M, Abbasi BH, Mohammad I, Fazal L. Dengue fever treatment with Carica papaya leaves extract. Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011;1(33):333.
- Sharma DK, Tiwari B, Singh RK. Estimation of minerals in Carica papaya leaf found in northern India by using ICP-OES technique. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2013;4(6):1012–9.
- Panzarini E, Dwikat M, Mariano S, Vergallo C, Dini L. Administration dependent antioxidant effect of Caricapapaya seeds water extract. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014:281508.
- Sharma A, Bachheti A, Sharma P, Bachheti RK, Husen A. Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities,nano-particle fabrication, commercial products and waste utilization of Carica papaya L.: A comprehensive review. Curr Res Biotechnol. 2020;2:145–60.
- Singh SP, Kumar S, Mathan SV, Tomar MS, Singh RK, Verma PK, et al. Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract in the management ofhuman diseases. DARU J Pharm Sci . 2020;28(2):735–44.
- Callixte B, Baptiste NJ, Arwati H. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of methanolic andaqueous leaf extracts of Carica papaya grown in Rwanda. Cell Biomed Sci. 2020;4(1):39–
- Adedayo BC, Oyeleye SI, Okeke BM, Oboh G. Anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant properties of alkaloid and phenolic-rich extracts from pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf: A comparative study. Flavour Fragr J. 2020;36(9):47–54.
- Gautam, G, Parveen B, Khan MU, Sharma I, Sharma AK, Parveen R, et al. A systematic review on nephron protective AYUSH drugs as constituentsof NEERI-KFT (A traditional Indian polyherbal formulation) for the management of chronic kidney disease. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(11):6441–53.
- Abdel-Halim SA, Ibrahim MT, Mohsen MM, Abou-Setta LM, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, et al.. Phytochemical and biological investigation of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves cultivated in Egypt (family Caricaceae). J Pharm Phytochem. 2020;9(5):47–54.
- Agada R, Usman WA, Shehu S, Thagariki D. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Carica papaya seed on α-amylase and α- glucosidase enzymes. Heliyon. 2020;6(3):e03618.
- Soib HH, Ismail HF, Husin F, Abu Bakar MH, Yaakob H, Sarmidi MR. Bioassay-guided different extraction techniques of Carica papaya (Linn.) leaves on in vitro wound-healing activities. Molecules. 2020;25(3):517.
- Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Alara JA. Carica papaya: comprehensive overview of the nutritional values, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. Adv Trad Med. 2022;22(1):17–47.
- Palanisamy P, Basalingappa KM. (2020). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts of Caricapapaya. Phytochemical Anal. 2020;13(11):58–62.
- Indran R, Tufo V, Pervaiz S, Brenner C. Recent advances in apoptosis, mitochondria and drug resistance incancer cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta- Bioenergetics. 2011;1807(6):735–
- Halim SZ, Abdullah NR, Afzan A, Rashid BA, Jantan I, Ismail Z. Acute toxicity study of leaf extract in Sprague Dawley rats. J Med Plants Res. 2011;5(10):1867–72.
- Marie-Solange T, Emma AA, Noël ZG. Ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat hypertension in traditionalmedicine by Abbey and Krobou populations of Agboville. Eur J Sci Res. 2020;3:85–98.
- Kong YR, Jong YX, Balakrishnan M, Bok ZK, Weng JK, Tay KC, et al. Beneficial Role of Carica papaya Extracts and Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases: A Mini Review. Biology. 2021;10(4):287.
- Bissell D, Gores G, Laskin D, Hoofnagle JH. Drug-induced liver injury: mechanisms and test systems. Hepatol. 2001;33(4):1009–13.
- Amin AH, Bughdadi FA, Abo-Zaid MA, Ismail AH, El-Agamy SA, Alqahtani A, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of papaya (Carica papaya) pulp and seedextracts as a potential natural treatment for bacterial stress. J Food Biochem. 2019;43(12):e13050.
- Li Q, Verma IM. NF-kappaB regulation in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2(10):725–34